dronetravel.guideBriefings checked 8 Oct 2026

Countries · Central Europe · EASA rules

Germany

Visitors fly in the EU open category: a drone of 250 g or more, or any drone with a camera, needs operator registration, liability insurance is compulsory, and the dipul map must be checked before every flight because the zone rules apply even where nothing is drawn on it.

Open after a step for this profile · checked 8 October 2026

43 rules · 58 sources, 51 of them official · 15 fields unconfirmed · Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (LBA) · LBA UAS-Betreiberregistrierung (OpenUAV)

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Your answer

Every engine field and the workflow rest on official pages.

What decides it

  • An operator of a drone under 250 g must also register if the drone carries a sensor able to capture personal data, for example a camera, and is not a toy under Directive 2009/48/EC.confirmed on the cited page
  • Registration is of the operator, not of the aircraft. One e-ID covers every drone the operator flies and only one e-ID is issued per person.confirmed on the cited page
  • The operator must hold third-party liability insurance under section 43 LuftVG. Operating a drone without it is an administrative offence, and valid proof of insurance must be carried during operation.confirmed on the cited page
  • The minimum insured sum for an aircraft under 500 kg maximum take-off mass is 750,000 Rechnungseinheiten.confirmed on the cited page
  • The minimum age for a remote pilot in the open and specific categories is 16. Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2019/947 excepts a class C0 drone that is a toy under Directive 2009/48/EC, a privately built drone under 250 g, and operation under the direct supervision of a remote pilot who holds the required competencies; in those cases there is no minimum age. Operator registration is in principle possible from 16.confirmed on the cited page
  • The e-ID has the form DEU plus 13 characters, the last of which is a check digit, followed by a hyphen and a three-character PIN. Only the part before the hyphen is marked on the drone and the PIN is kept secret. The marking need not be fireproof and may be a QR code of readable size.confirmed on the cited page

Permits tied to a place or a time

These do not change the country's colour; they decide whether a particular flight is legal where and when you want it.

  • Over and within 1.5 km laterally of the boundary of an aerodrome that is not an airport: permitted if the operation is in the specific category, or with the consent of the aviation supervision office, the aerodrome flight information service or the operator at the aerodrome. For a heliport the consent lies with the operator of the landing site.
  • Over and within 1,000 m laterally of the boundary of an airport, and within less than 1,000 m laterally of every runway centreline extended by 5 km in both the arrival and the departure direction: the only condition section 21h names is that the operation takes place in the specific category.
  • Over and within 100 m laterally of the boundary of industrial plants, prisons, secure psychiatric units, military installations and organisations, central energy generation and distribution plants, and facilities carrying out authorisation-requiring protection level 4 activities under the Biostoffverordnung: express consent of the competent body or the operator of the facility.
  • Over and within 100 m laterally of property housing constitutional organs of the Federation or the Laender, supreme and higher federal or Land authorities, diplomatic and consular missions and international organisations under international law, and property of the police and other security authorities: express consent of the competent body or the operator.
  • Over a nature reserve within section 23(1) BNatSchG, over a national park within section 24 BNatSchG and over an area within section 7(1) nos. 6 and 7 BNatSchG: express consent of the competent nature conservation authority, or a differing rule in Land law, or, except over national parks, all four of the following together: the drone is not operated for sport or recreational purposes, the flight is above 100 m, the remote pilot knows the protection purpose of the area and takes it appropriately into account, and overflying the protected area is unavoidably necessary to fulfil the purpose of the operation.
  • Over residential property: express consent of the owner or other authorised user whose rights are affected; or the take-off mass is 0.25 kg or less and the drone and its equipment have no capability for optical or acoustic recording and transmission and none for recording and transmitting third parties' radio signals; or the flight is at least 100 m high and all of the following hold together: the airspace use is necessary for a legitimate operational purpose, public land or non-residential property cannot be used instead and the owner's consent cannot reasonably be obtained; all measures to avoid interference with privacy and informational self-determination have been taken and affected persons are informed regularly in advance; the flight is not between 22:00 and 06:00 local time; and the noise reference values under no. 6.1 of the Technische Anleitung zum Schutz gegen Laerm are not expected to be exceeded. The LBA adds an exception permit from the competent Land aviation authority as a fifth route.
  • In a control zone: only with an air traffic control clearance under section 21 LuftVO.
  • Over and within 100 m laterally of the boundary of a hospital: express consent of the operator of the facility.
  • Over and within 100 m laterally of accident sites and deployment sites of authorities and organisations with security tasks, and over mobile installations and troops of the armed forces during notified manoeuvres and exercises: consent of the head of operations.
  • No authorisation is needed inside a geographic area if its operating conditions can be met. Beyond them the locally competent Land aviation authority may allow operation in justified cases under section 21i(1), provided the operation endangers neither aviation safety nor public safety and order, in particular does not breach data protection or nature and environmental protection rules, and noise protection is appropriately taken into account. The authority decides which documents the application needs and may require proof of the landowner's consent, an expert opinion on the suitability of the site and the airspace, and further nature and noise assessments.

Before you fly, in order

  1. An operator of a drone under 250 g must also register if the drone carries a sensor able to capture personal data, for example a camera, and is not a toy under Directive 2009/48/EC.
  2. Registration is of the operator, not of the aircraft. One e-ID covers every drone the operator flies and only one e-ID is issued per person.
  3. The EU drone regulation applies in all EU member states and in Norway, Liechtenstein, Iceland and Switzerland, and an operator registration and EU competency certificate issued in any of them is valid in Germany with no German procedure.
  4. The e-ID has the form DEU plus 13 characters, the last of which is a check digit, followed by a hyphen and a three-character PIN. Only the part before the hyphen is marked on the drone and the PIN is kept secret. The marking need not be fireproof and may be a QR code of readable size.
  5. The registration, categorisation and competency requirements do not apply to operation of a drone inside buildings.
  6. Model flying is a separate privileged regime that applies only within a nationwide air sports association holding an operating authorisation from the LBA under Article 16 of Regulation (EU) 2019/947. Members gain alternative operating conditions on flight height, take-off mass and distances to uninvolved persons, including flight above 120 m with an association training or knowledge certificate, and FPV goggles up to 120 m with an airspace observer.
  7. The operator must hold third-party liability insurance under section 43 LuftVG. Operating a drone without it is an administrative offence, and valid proof of insurance must be carried during operation.
  8. The minimum insured sum for an aircraft under 500 kg maximum take-off mass is 750,000 Rechnungseinheiten.
  9. No authorisation is needed inside a geographic area if its operating conditions can be met. Beyond them the locally competent Land aviation authority may allow operation in justified cases under section 21i(1), provided the operation endangers neither aviation safety nor public safety and order, in particular does not breach data protection or nature and environmental protection rules, and noise protection is appropriately taken into account. The authority decides which documents the application needs and may require proof of the landowner's consent, an expert opinion on the suitability of the site and the airspace, and further nature and noise assessments.
  10. The open category requires a maximum flight height of 120 m above ground. Above that the operation is in the specific category and needs an authorisation.
  11. In A1 no assembly of people may be overflown and the pilot must reasonably be able to assume no uninvolved person is overflown. In A2 no uninvolved person may be overflown and a horizontal safety distance of at least 30 m applies, reducible to 5 m with the low-speed mode engaged, with an A2 remote pilot certificate and a C2 aircraft. In A3 the flight must be in an area where no uninvolved person is endangered, at least 150 m horizontally from residential, commercial, industrial or recreational areas.
  12. The open category requires direct visual contact with the drone throughout the flight, or flight with the follow-me mode engaged. Beyond visual range the operation is in the specific category.
  13. Night flight is not excluded and needs no special authorisation. The drone must be fitted with a green flashing light during night operation and the flight is flown in direct visual contact as by day.
  14. Airspace use by unmanned aircraft is free unless restricted by the Luftverkehrsgesetz, by rules made under it, by international law applicable in Germany or by EU law. Operating in the geographic areas of section 21h(3) and (4) LuftVO is permissible only on the conditions set there.
  15. Section 21h applies even where the geographic area concerned has not been designated and published for geo-awareness, so the absence of an overlay on the dipul map does not remove the restriction.
  16. Over and within 1.5 km laterally of the boundary of an aerodrome that is not an airport: permitted if the operation is in the specific category, or with the consent of the aviation supervision office, the aerodrome flight information service or the operator at the aerodrome. For a heliport the consent lies with the operator of the landing site.
  17. Over and within 1,000 m laterally of the boundary of an airport, and within less than 1,000 m laterally of every runway centreline extended by 5 km in both the arrival and the departure direction: the only condition section 21h names is that the operation takes place in the specific category.
  18. Over and within 100 m laterally of the boundary of industrial plants, prisons, secure psychiatric units, military installations and organisations, central energy generation and distribution plants, and facilities carrying out authorisation-requiring protection level 4 activities under the Biostoffverordnung: express consent of the competent body or the operator of the facility.
  19. Over and within 100 m laterally of property housing constitutional organs of the Federation or the Laender, supreme and higher federal or Land authorities, diplomatic and consular missions and international organisations under international law, and property of the police and other security authorities: express consent of the competent body or the operator.
  20. Over and within 100 m laterally of federal trunk roads, federal waterways and railway installations, one of four routes applies: operation in the specific category with the particular risks taken into account in the risk assessment; or express consent of the competent body or operator; or the height above ground is at all times less than the lateral distance to the infrastructure and that lateral distance is at all times greater than 10 m; or, crossing a federal waterway, the aircraft flies at least 100 m above ground or water, crosses by the shortest route and overflies no ships and no shipping installations, in particular locks, weirs, ship lifts and berths.
  21. Over outdoor swimming pools, bathing beaches and similar facilities: only outside operating or bathing hours.
  22. In a control zone: only with an air traffic control clearance under section 21 LuftVO.
  23. Over and within 100 m laterally of the boundary of a hospital: express consent of the operator of the facility.
  24. Over and within 100 m laterally of accident sites and deployment sites of authorities and organisations with security tasks, and over mobile installations and troops of the armed forces during notified manoeuvres and exercises: consent of the head of operations.
  25. Over a nature reserve within section 23(1) BNatSchG, over a national park within section 24 BNatSchG and over an area within section 7(1) nos. 6 and 7 BNatSchG: express consent of the competent nature conservation authority, or a differing rule in Land law, or, except over national parks, all four of the following together: the drone is not operated for sport or recreational purposes, the flight is above 100 m, the remote pilot knows the protection purpose of the area and takes it appropriately into account, and overflying the protected area is unavoidably necessary to fulfil the purpose of the operation.
  26. An aviation authorisation does not displace other law. Section 21i(3) LuftVO expressly preserves the protective provisions of the Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz and the Bundesnaturschutzgesetz, rules made under them, the nature conservation law of the Laender and the flight preparation duty under SERA.2010(b).
  27. Over residential property: express consent of the owner or other authorised user whose rights are affected; or the take-off mass is 0.25 kg or less and the drone and its equipment have no capability for optical or acoustic recording and transmission and none for recording and transmitting third parties' radio signals; or the flight is at least 100 m high and all of the following hold together: the airspace use is necessary for a legitimate operational purpose, public land or non-residential property cannot be used instead and the owner's consent cannot reasonably be obtained; all measures to avoid interference with privacy and informational self-determination have been taken and affected persons are informed regularly in advance; the flight is not between 22:00 and 06:00 local time; and the noise reference values under no. 6.1 of the Technische Anleitung zum Schutz gegen Laerm are not expected to be exceeded. The LBA adds an exception permit from the competent Land aviation authority as a fifth route.
  28. No drone-specific German customs declaration or import authorisation is published on any customs page that was opened. Personal items a traveller brings on the journey are duty-free; the allowance and formality rules bite when the travel allowances are exceeded or the goods are to be used commercially.
  29. All products covered by the EU harmonisation legislation and placed on the EU market by a manufacturer or importer must bear the CE marking, and the Bundesnetzagentur checks samples of radio equipment for compliance under the EMVG and the FuAG.
  30. The minimum age for a remote pilot in the open and specific categories is 16. Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2019/947 excepts a class C0 drone that is a toy under Directive 2009/48/EC, a privately built drone under 250 g, and operation under the direct supervision of a remote pilot who holds the required competencies; in those cases there is no minimum age. Operator registration is in principle possible from 16.
  31. Spare lithium batteries in cabin baggage only: up to 100 Wh without approval, 100 to 160 Wh with airline approval and two spares, over 160 Wh not allowed (IATA passenger guidance; airlines may be stricter).

Spare lithium batteries in cabin baggage only: up to 100 Wh without approval, 100 to 160 Wh with airline approval and two spares, over 160 Wh not allowed (IATA passenger guidance; airlines may be stricter).

How a visitor gets legal

Each step as the authority describes it, with who may apply, what it costs and how long it takes.

  1. Step 1

    Classify the operation

    Establish the take-off mass, the class mark or legacy status, whether the drone carries a sensor able to capture personal data, the subcategory and the location. The open category means under 25 kg, direct visual contact or follow-me mode, no overflight of assemblies of people, no dangerous goods or persons carried, below 120 m above ground, no objects dropped, and the geographic areas observed.

    Visitors eligible · None · Immediate

    • Drone data

    Open the official page

  2. Step 2

    EU, Norway, Liechtenstein, Iceland and Switzerland residents: use what you already have

    Fly on the home operator registration and the home EU competency certificate. There is no German procedure, and no transfer of a certificate into an LBA account is possible or required; carry the certificate separately, electronically or printed.

    Visitors eligible · Home state fee · Home state procedure

    • Home operator registration
    • EU certificate of competency

    Open the official page

  3. Step 3

    Everyone else: register as a UAS operator with the LBA

    Register on the LBA OpenUAV portal. The online form is German only. Registration is of the operator, not the aircraft, and one e-ID covers every drone you fly.

    Eligibility not stated · 20.00 EUR natural person, 50.00 EUR legal person · Up to 14 working days

    • Full name as shown in the identity document
    • Date of birth
    • Scan of a valid ID card or passport showing those data and the expiry date, in PNG, JPG or JPEG
    • Address
    • Email address
    • Telephone number
    • Insurer name and policy number

    Open the official page

  4. Step 4

    Affix the e-ID

    Mark the part of the e-ID before the hyphen on the drone and keep the three-character PIN secret. Load the e-ID into the remote identification system where the drone has one; the physical marking is required as well. A QR code of readable size is allowed and the marking need not be fireproof.

    Visitors eligible · None · Immediate

    • e-ID

    Open the official page

  5. Step 5

    Obtain the EU certificate of competency

    From 250 g upwards: the LBA online training course then an online examination of 40 multiple-choice questions from 9 subject areas, passed at 75 percent and retakeable. For subcategory A2 add practical self-training under A3 conditions and a 30-question theory examination at an LBA-named testing centre. Both documents are valid 5 years. A third-country certificate is not recognised and cannot be converted.

    Visitors eligible · 25.00 EUR for the A1/A3 certificate; the examination may be retaken at no further charge · Examination dependent

    • Valid identity document
    • Consent of the legal representative if the candidate is a minor

    Open the official page

  6. Step 6

    Hold liability insurance and carry the proof

    Third-party liability insurance is compulsory for every flight. The minimum insured sum for an aircraft under 500 kg is 750,000 Rechnungseinheiten. Valid proof must be carried during operation, and the policy details go into the registration account.

    Visitors eligible · Insurer dependent · Insurer dependent

    • Insurance certificate
    • Insurer name
    • Policy number

    Open the official page

  7. Step 7

    Check the dipul Map Tool before every flight

    Search the launch location, switch on all map layers, and use the overlapping-geographic-areas function to read the legal basis behind each zone the flight touches. A statutory restriction applies even where nothing is drawn on the map.

    Visitors eligible · None · Immediate

    • Location
    • Date

    Open the official page

  8. Step 8

    Where a zone condition cannot be met, apply to the Land aviation authority

    Apply for a deviation under section 21i to the authority competent for the flight location. Expect either a general permit, usually valid two years, or a location-, subject- and time-limited individual permit; some Laender publish a general ruling that can be used without applying at all. The LBA is not competent for these.

    Eligibility not stated · Set by the Land authority; no federal tariff published · Set by the Land authority; no federal figure published

    • Possibly the landowner's consent
    • Possibly an expert opinion on the suitability of the site and the airspace
    • Possibly nature and noise assessments

    Open the official page

  9. Step 9

    Protected areas: get the nature conservation authority's express consent

    Flying over a nature reserve, a national park or a Natura 2000 area needs the express consent of the competent nature conservation authority. The four-condition alternative in the statute is closed to sport and recreational flying and closed entirely over national parks.

    Eligibility not stated · Not stated in the statute · Not stated in the statute

    • Set by the nature conservation authority

    Open the official page

  10. Step 10

    Wadden Sea national parks: the named route

    Apply to the Land transport authority, which then involves the park administration, whose consent is as a rule required. For the Hamburg part an exemption under the Nationalparkgesetz is also needed; that procedure runs on overriding reasons of public interest and takes up to two months.

    Eligibility not stated · Chargeable; no tariff stated · Up to two months for the Hamburg exemption

    • Application form
    • Project description

    Open the official page

  11. Step 11

    Airports and control zones

    Inside a control zone obtain an air traffic control clearance under section 21 LuftVO. Inside the airport zone the only condition the statute names is operation in the specific category, so an open-category flight there needs a section 21i deviation from the Land aviation authority.

    Eligibility not stated · Not stated · Set by the authority

    • Operation details

    Open the official page

  12. Step 12

    Arriving with the drone

    No drone-specific German customs declaration or import authorisation was found on any customs page that was opened; personal items brought on the journey are duty-free, and the allowance rules bite when they are exceeded or the goods are for commercial use. Check that the drone carries the CE marking, since the Bundesnetzagentur polices radio-equipment conformity on the German market.

    Visitors eligible · None stated · Immediate

    • Nothing is required by any page that was opened

    Open the official page

The numbers

The engine's inputs, each with the verdict our verification pass gave it and the sources it rests on.

FieldWhat the pages sayVerdictSources
May a visiting pilot fly at allYes, after a registration or a notification.A visitor may fly if the operation stays inside the open category frame and the operator is registered, the remote pilot holds the required EU competency certificate and liability insurance is in place. The LBA publishes the frame as six conditions: under 25 kg, direct visual contact or follow-me mode, no overflight of assemblies of people, no dangerous goods or persons carried, below 120 m above ground, no objects dropped, and the geographic areas observed.confirmed on the cited pageS1S2S3S23
EU or EEA registration recognisedYesThe EU drone regulation applies in all EU member states and in the associated states Norway, Liechtenstein, Iceland and Switzerland, and the operator registration and the EU competency certificate are valid in all of them. The LBA treats Norway, Liechtenstein, Iceland and Switzerland as EU-domestic for registration purposes. A certificate issued by another member state cannot be transferred into an LBA account and does not need to be: carry it separately.confirmed on the cited pageS1S2S6
UK registration recognisedNoTwo separate halves. The remote pilot certificate half is explicit: the European Commission has recognised no third-country competency evidence as equivalent, so the holder must sit the EU examinations before beginning operations, and the LBA names citizens whose main residence is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland expressly. The operator registration half rests on the LBA's English cross-border page, which tells operators from non-EU member states that they have to register in Germany; that page is written around the specific category, so the brief marks that half partial.confirmed on the cited pageS1S4
US registration recognisedNoSame as the UK. The non-recognition statement covers every non-EU state, so a US remote pilot certificate is not recognised and the EU examinations must be sat first.confirmed on the cited pageS1S4
Local registrationRequired from 250 g. Cost: 20.00 EUR for a natural person, 50.00 EUR for a legal person. Time: Up to 14 working days. Non-residents: Full name as shown in the identity document, date of birth, a scan of a valid official identity document (national ID card or passport) showing those data and the expiry date in PNG, JPG or JPEG, address, email address, telephone number, the insurer's name and the policy number. Only one e-ID is issued per person..Registration is of the operator, not of the aircraft, and one e-ID covers every drone the operator flies. Legal basis is section 66a(3) LuftVG and the fees come from the Kostenverordnung der Luftfahrtverwaltung. The online form is German only. Whether a non-resident can complete it without a German address or telephone number is not stated on any page read: the document list asks for an address and a telephone number and accepts a passport, and no page sets a residency condition either way.confirmed on the cited pageS2S3S24S35
Remote IDA drone certified under Regulation (EU) 2019/945 with a maximum take-off mass of more than 250 g must have a direct remote identification function. Drones of class C4 and privately built UAS are excluded. The e-ID is loaded into the remote identification system where the drone has one and must additionally be affixed physically to the airframe.The research briefs sourced this to section 21k LuftVO, which is the exemption for authorities and security organisations and says nothing about which civil drones carry remote identification. The applicability rule is on the LBA e-ID FAQ instead. The query premise of Remote ID on C1 and above is corrected here: the duty is set by mass with a class exclusion, not by a C1 floor.confirmed on the cited pageS2S34
InsuranceMandatory, at least 750,000 Rechnungseinheiten (IMF special drawing rights) · Every drone flight; the sum band applies to aircraft under 500 kgSection 43 LuftVG obliges the operator to hold third-party liability insurance in an amount fixed by ordinance; section 102(2) LuftVZO says the minimum insured sum is determined by section 37(1) LuftVG; section 37(1)(a) gives 750,000 Rechnungseinheiten for an aircraft under 500 kg maximum take-off mass, converted under section 49b. dipul states in English that section 37 LuftVG lays the minimum sum down. Valid proof must be carried during operation, and operating without the insurance is an administrative offence. Both research passes reported the minimum cover as not found.confirmed on the cited pageS2S14S15S16S17
Altitude ceiling120 mMeasured above ground. Flying higher leaves the open category and needs a specific-category authorisation. Members of a nationwide model flying association may exceed 120 m under their association's own procedures.confirmed on the cited pageS1S6
Distance from peopleBy subcategory. A1: no assembly of people may be overflown, and the pilot must reasonably be able to assume no uninvolved person is overflown. A2: no uninvolved person may be overflown and a horizontal safety distance of at least 30 m applies, reducible to 5 m with the low-speed mode engaged, with an A2 remote pilot certificate and a C2 aircraft. A3: an area where no uninvolved person is endangered, plus at least 150 m horizontally from residential, commercial, industrial or recreational areas.Partial because two official pages place the 30 m horizontal distance in different subcategories: the LBA FAQ puts it in A2, dipul's open-category page lists 30 m plus a 1:1 height rule and a 2-second rule under A3. The conflict is recorded rather than resolved.partly confirmedS1S22S6
Line of sightDirect visual contact with the drone throughout the flight, or flight with the follow-me mode engaged. Operating beyond visual range moves the flight into the specific category, which needs an authorisation.confirmed on the cited pageS1S6
NightPermitted and needing no special authorisation. The drone must be fitted with a green flashing light during night operation and the flight is flown in direct visual contact as by day. Additional position lights are recommended.The gap brief sourced a night rule to SERA.5005(c) in the LuftVO PDF. That provision governs manned flight under visual flight rules at night, and the ministry's general administrative act disapplying SERA for unmanned aircraft covers only the specific category, so it is not the drone rule.confirmed on the cited pageS1
Class marksC0 to C4 under Regulation (EU) 2019/945. A1 takes class C0 or a privately built drone under 250 g and under 19 m/s, and class C1 under 900 g. A2 takes class C2 under 4 kg. A3 takes C2, C3, C4 or a privately built drone under 25 kg. A drone placed on the market before 1 January 2024 without a class mark may fly in A1 under 250 g and in A3 under 25 kg. A private individual may not apply a class mark to a drone.confirmed on the cited pageS1S22S27
FPVNo open-category FPV provision is stated on any official German page that was opened. The open category requires direct visual contact throughout the flight or the follow-me mode. The only official FPV statement found applies to model flying under the rules of a nationwide association: a visual output device such as FPV goggles may be used up to 120 m with an airspace observer who keeps constant unrestricted visual contact and can communicate directly with the remote pilot.partly confirmedS1
Commercial useAviation law draws no distinction between commercial and private operation; the same rules apply. What moves an operation out of the open category is leaving its frame, for example flying above 120 m or beyond visual range, not the purpose of the flight.confirmed on the cited pageS1

Every rule we could confirm

Grouped by what they govern. A general rule decides the country's colour for a profile; a situational one applies in a place, a zone or a season.

Registration

Remote ID

Insurance

Minimum age

Permits

Airspace zones

Parks and protected areas

Towns and cities

Altitude

Distance from people

Line of sight

Night

Dropping objects

Hazardous materials

Commercial use

Radio conformity

Customs and import

Parks and protected areas

Who decides, what they decided, and whether there is a way in.

Where the no-fly zones are published

The authority's own map is the one that counts on the day; an app is a convenience, not a source.

Two separate rules. Over and within 1.5 km laterally of the boundary of an aerodrome that is not an airport, flight is permitted in the specific category or with the consent of the aviation supervision office, the aerodrome flight information service or the aerodrome operator, and for a heliport the consent lies with the operator of the landing site. Over and within 1,000 m laterally of an airport boundary, and within less than 1,000 m laterally of every runway centreline extended by 5 km in both directions, the only condition the statute names is operation in the specific category.

Official map
maptool-dipul.dfs.de
Dataset
dipul.de · Static vector data in the EUROCAE ED-318 standard and in GeoJSON, distributed through the ministry's Mobilithek platform, plus WFS 2.0.0 and WMS 1.3.0 services at https://uas-betrieb.de/geoservices/dipul/ows with a published list of 33 layers, among them nationalparks, naturschutzgebiete, ffh-gebiete, vogelschutzgebiete, wohngrundstuecke, freibaeder, temporaere_betriebseinschraenkungen and modellflugplaetze. An ED-318 publish-and-subscribe interface is available after identity verification by email. The DFS manufacturer area, which requires legitimation as a UAS producer, additionally offers ED269-compliant GeoJSON sample data.
Licence
CC BY-ND 4.0 (Attribution, No Derivatives 4.0 International), with the required citation string: dipul, CC-BY-ND 4.0. Stated identically on the download page and the WFS and WMS page.
Updated
Updated continuously every 28 days, aligned with the AIRAC cycle for aeronautical data; each file carries a VALID FROM and VALID TO interval. The Map Tool's own ED-318 export is limited to 100,000,000 square metres or a 10,000 m radius per query, and dipul reserves the right to rate-limit the geoservices on excessive use.
Apps named
dipul Map Tool at maptool-dipul.dfs.de, the only tool the authority names. No third-party app is recommended on any official page that was opened.

Customs and the border

Declaration
No drone-specific German customs declaration is published on any customs page that was opened. The customs page for travel into Germany from a non-EU state says that its content concerns duty collection and customs formalities where the travel allowances are exceeded or the goods brought in are to be used commercially, and that personal items a traveller brings on the journey are duty-free.
Import authorisation
Not established
Radio conformity
All products covered by the EU harmonisation legislation and placed on the EU market by a manufacturer or importer must bear the CE marking, which is the manufacturer's declaration that a conformity assessment was completed and that the essential requirements of every applied harmonisation rule are met. The Bundesnetzagentur carries out sample market surveillance in Germany under sections 23 and following EMVG and sections 24 and following FuAG, including online, and can take market-restricting measures.

On the ground

What pilots, police and the press report actually happening. This is evidence about behaviour, not law: it never changes the status above, and it is dated and linked so you can judge it yourself.

Enforced13 confirmed cases · 2018-08-20 to 2026-10-03 · practice pass 8 October 2026

Thirteen dated cases from 2018 to 2026, almost all German police releases: pilots are identified and charged at airports, prisons, military and police sites, crowds, waterways and railways. No located case of anyone stopped flying in open countryside, in a national park, or at customs.

How people fly
The confirmed cases say little about where visiting pilots go and a great deal about what they were doing when they were found, and the intent is consistently ordinary: a 41-year-old trying out a drone he had just bought, inside the Frankfurt restriction zone at six in the morning; a 16-year-old testing a new drone over the Landshut police headquarters; a 29-year-old filming a private party six kilometres from Duesseldorf airport; a 20-year-old making practice flights for future film work over a military area; a 35-year-old shooting a music video over houses; a 43-year-old wanting aerial photographs of Neuschwanstein. The trigger is the place and not the purpose, and several of the places that bite are not obvious from a map: a prison in a village, a police building in a town centre, a demonstration or an Easter fire that happened to be where the flight was.
Police and rangers
Three police mechanisms are confirmed. Detection: Bundespolizei units have carried drone detection equipment since 2025, and at Frankfurt a brief flight was detected immediately and the pilot met moments later. Report and sweep: most cases begin with a call from a resident or a control tower, and where the pilot has already packed up the file goes against an unknown person. Retrospective tracing through published footage: police in Hannover found YouTube videos documenting a flight over a residential area and a canal and beyond visual line of sight, traced the pilot online and fined him for the flying even though his insurance and registration were in order. Seizure happens but is not uniform: a drone and the pilot's mobile phone at Wilhelmshaven, the drone at Hohenleuben, the footage at Ludwigshafen, while at Landshut whether to seize was being coordinated with the Luftamt Suedbayern, so that decision sits with the Land aviation authority rather than the officer present. On the protected areas, the legal pass established that express consent of the nature conservation authority is the one lawful route for a holiday flight, and the parks now supply the enforcement mechanism for it: Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald states that its rangers hold police powers inside the park, may take personal details and issue removal orders, and that for violations the rangers open administrative proceedings with the responsible Landratsamt, which usually end in a fine notice. Eifel and Bayerischer Wald both state the ban reaches overflights launched from outside the park, and the Wadden Sea administration states the LuftVO basis together with the chargeable exemption that can be sought in justified individual cases. Protected-area patrolling demonstrably produces proceedings in volume: mounted police supporting controls in the Lueneburger Heide nature reserve from late July to late September 2026 opened more than 40 nature-conservation administrative proceedings and two criminal cases. But no dated drone case inside any German national park was located in any language. The closest hard evidence that it happens at all is one line in the 2020 Westpfalz tally, where one of 27 police drone call-outs was in a nature conservation area.
At the border
No usable report.
Fines actually reported
One amount actually imposed was located across the entire record: 1,250 EUR, by the Amtsgericht Schwerin in case 35 OWi 6/23 decided on 5 April 2023, for a flight near Wolgast on 22 December 2021 in which an unmarked 249 g DJI Mini 2 with a camera crossed a federal road, a federal waterway, a railway line and a gathering of more than 1,000 people. The decision also held that the operator marking duty applies to a 249 g drone when it carries a camera. Everything else in circulation is a ceiling or a threat rather than a sum charged. The 50,000 EUR that appears in the Hoexter release and on every park page is the statutory ceiling the legal block already carries. Police in Hannover stated a 500 to 50,000 EUR range while the fine was still to come. At Frankfurt a five-figure fine was threatened, and at Landshut a substantial fine was announced, in both cases without an amount and with no follow-up located. A Saxony-Anhalt figure of up to 1,000 EUR comes from a secondary guide with no case and no authority page behind it.

The law's own penalty schedule is separate: Not established, 6 published fine ranges below.

Where reports cluster

  • Frankfurt Airport

    Confirmed. Bundespolizei detection equipment caught a brief six o'clock flight inside the restriction zone and a patrol reached the pilot within moments. The fastest identification in the record.

  • Duesseldorf Airport and its approach, out to at least 6 km

    Confirmed. A flight at about 70 m some six kilometres from the field stopped approach traffic for ten minutes and produced a criminal investigation rather than an administrative one.

  • Military sites, including Ramstein Air Base and Wilhelmshaven

    Confirmed, with the heaviest seizure in the record: a drone and the pilot's mobile phone, and a criminal file under section 109g StGB for prohibited images. At Ramstein the pilots were never identified.

  • Prisons, for example JVA Hohenleuben in Thuringia

    Confirmed twice within five months, once against an unknown person and once with the drone seized. The surrounding village is itself inside a zone closed to drone flight, which a visitor would not expect.

  • Police buildings, for example Landshut

    Confirmed. Overflight alone produced proceedings although no images had been captured, and the Land aviation authority was consulted about seizing the drone. The inspectorate announced increased controls afterwards.

  • Schloss Neuschwanstein and Schwangau

    Confirmed, and the only confirmed case at a headline tourist sight. A special flight ban applies because the area is a nature conservation area. The pilot had no German residence and had to post a security deposit.

  • Crowds and public gatherings, such as Easter fires, demonstrations and festivals

    Confirmed twice, and these two cases produced the heaviest consequences short of a criminal charge, including the only imposed fine located anywhere in the record.

  • Federal waterways, federal roads and railways

    Confirmed three times as a charged element though never as the sole trigger: the Weser, the Peenestrom, the Mittellandkanal, the B111 and the A6 all appear in files.

  • Residential property and privacy

    Confirmed three times, and the commonest category by far in the only located breakdown: 18 of 27 police drone call-outs in the Westpfalz region to August 2020 were overflights of residential property.

  • Nationalpark Berchtesgaden

    No dated case found. The park states the ban itself and rangers elsewhere hold police powers and route violations to the Landratsamt, so the mechanism exists, but no enforcement case was located.

  • Nationalpark Saechsische Schweiz

    No dated case found. The ban covers the national park and the surrounding landscape protection area and is not lifted for a sub-250 g drone. The park's own site carries no drone rule.

  • The Wadden Sea national parks, Sylt and Ruegen

    No dated case found anywhere on the North Sea or Baltic coast. The Wadden Sea administration states the LuftVO ban and that a chargeable exemption may be sought in justified individual cases.

  • Nationalpark Eifel, Harz and Bayerischer Wald

    No dated case found. Eifel and Bayerischer Wald both state that the ban reaches overflights launched from outside the park boundary, which is the trap for a pilot who takes off from a car park.

  • The Moselle valley

    No dated case found, in German or in English.

  • Berlin city centre and the Brandenburg Gate

    No dated case found. The research report's 3,200 EUR confiscation of an American tourist's drone comes from a blocklisted publisher and appears in no German source of any kind. The claim that no-fly zones cover 90 per cent of Berlin is an unreachable community post.

  • Airport customs on arrival or departure

    No dated case found at any German airport in either language, and the official customs traveller page sets no drone-specific rule.

  • Open countryside away from any sensitive site

    No dated case found. Nothing in the record describes a pilot being stopped or penalised for flying in unrestricted open country, which is an absence of evidence rather than evidence of tolerance.

Dated reports

  • 2018-08-20 · Ludwigshafen, Froschlache, Rhineland-Palatinate · official

    A 35-year-old flew over inhabited private land shooting a music video, within 100 m of railway tracks and near a hospital helipad, with no marking plate on the drone. A resident reported it and police met him on the spot.

    Administrative offence report, and the drone's footage was seized. report

  • 2020-07-12 · Waldleiningen, Kreis Kaiserslautern · official

    A 54-year-old flew a camera drone over two neighbouring properties. He said he was photographing his own house; the neighbours said he had filmed them.

    Criminal investigation opened for violating the most private sphere, together with suspected breaches of the LuftVO. report

  • 2020-10-02 · Ramstein-Miesenbach, near Ramstein Air Base · official

    Two drones were sighted late in the evening inside the 1.5 km prohibition radius of the air base.

    Pilots never identified. The same release gives the only located breakdown: 27 police drone call-outs from 1 January to 12 August 2020, pilot identified in 6, with 18 over residential property, 4 at military sites, 3 at Ramstein, 1 on the A6 and 1 in a nature conservation area. report

  • 2021-06-06 · Hannover-Misburg, Lower Saxony · official

    Police found YouTube videos that documented a flight over a residential area and the Mittellandkanal and beyond visual line of sight, and traced the 32-year-old pilot through online enquiries.

    Checked at his home address, where his liability insurance and registration were in order. A fine for the flying followed regardless; the release states fines run from 500 to 50,000 EUR. report

  • 2021-12-22 · near Wolgast, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern · press

    A 51-year-old flew an unmarked 249 g DJI Mini 2 with a camera over the B111 federal road, the Peenestrom federal waterway, a railway line and a demonstration of more than 1,000 people.

    Amtsgericht Schwerin, case 35 OWi 6/23, decided 5 April 2023: a 1,250 EUR fine for negligent breaches. The court held that the marking duty applies to a 249 g drone because it carries a camera. report

  • 2023-07-04 · Schwangau, Schloss Neuschwanstein, Bavaria · press

    A 43-year-old flew over the castle, which sits inside a nature conservation area under a special flight ban, to take aerial photographs. The drone struck a tree and then a visitor's forearm.

    Charged with negligent bodily injury and an administrative offence under aviation law, and required to post a security deposit because he had no residence in Germany. report

  • 2025-04-20 · Hoexter, North Rhine-Westphalia · official

    A 38-year-old flew over the crowd at an Easter fire, over the Weser federal waterway and the adjacent railway, past an approaching train and low over rooftops. He had neither registration nor marking nor the competency certificate.

    Administrative offence proceedings under the LuftVO and the general safety provisions; the release states the fine can reach 50,000 EUR depending on severity. report

  • 2025-05-14 · Wilhelmshaven, Lower Saxony · official

    A 20-year-old flew a DJI drone over a military security area, saying he was making practice flights with a view to working in film production.

    Drone and mobile phone both seized, and a criminal investigation opened under section 109g StGB for prohibited images and section 62 LuftVG for prohibited use of airspace, then handed to the state security branch. report

  • 2025-10-03 · Frankfurt Airport, Hesse · official

    At about six in the morning a 41-year-old briefly flew a newly bought drone inside the flight prohibition zone. Bundespolizei detected it immediately and a patrol met him moments later.

    Administrative offence proceedings, with a five-figure fine threatened. No imposed amount was located. report

  • 2026-01-16 · Hohenleuben, Thuringia, at the prison · official

    At about one in the morning a patrol saw a drone overflying the prison grounds. The operator broke off, apparently on seeing through the video feed that it had been noticed. The grounds were searched for contraband and nothing was found.

    Investigation opened against an unknown person for breaching the LuftVO. report

  • 2026-06-02 · Hohenleuben, Thuringia, at the prison · official

    A 54-year-old launched from his own property in the evening, and prison recordings show the drone crossed the outer wall several times over nearly two minutes. The village lies inside a zone closed to drone flight.

    Administrative offence proceedings under the LuftVG. He was met at his home address, admitted the flight, and the drone was seized. report

  • 2026-09-26 · Ratingen, about 6 km from Duesseldorf Airport, North Rhine-Westphalia · official

    The tower reported a drone at about 70 m altitude some six kilometres out. It had landed within minutes, but approach traffic was interrupted for about ten minutes. Police found the landing site and the pilot, a 29-year-old German filming a private party.

    Criminal investigation for suspected dangerous interference with air traffic. The state security branch was informed and found nothing relevant to it. report

  • 2026-10-03 · Landshut, Bavaria · press

    A drone was seen over the Landshut police headquarters in the late afternoon. Officers found the pilot, a 16-year-old German, nearby; he said he wanted to test his new drone, and no images had been captured.

    Administrative offence proceedings under aviation law and a substantial fine announced, with seizure of the drone being coordinated with the Luftamt Suedbayern. The inspectorate announced increased controls on unreported drone flights. report

What the law says it costs

Published penalty ranges. What has actually been charged, where anyone reported it, is in the section above.

OffenceRangeSources
Operating a drone in a geographic area without meeting the conditions section 21h(3) and (4) LuftVO sets for itAdministrative offence under section 44(1) no. 17d LuftVO, which is an offence within the meaning of section 58(1) no. 10 LuftVG. Section 58(3) LuftVG sets the maximum for that group at fifty thousand euros.S12S13
Acting contrary to an enforceable condition attached to a permission under section 21i(1) LuftVOAdministrative offence under section 44(1) no. 17e LuftVO, with the same fifty thousand euro maximum under section 58(3) LuftVG.S12S13
Not maintaining the required third-party liability insuranceAdministrative offence under section 58(1) no. 15 LuftVG, maximum fifty thousand euros. The LBA states separately that operating a drone without liability insurance is an administrative offence.S13S2
Breaching Regulation (EU) 2019/947, including operating without an operating authorisation or declaration, failing to affix the registration number before the first flight under Article 14(8), and breaching the UAS.OPEN subcategory rulesAdministrative offence under section 58(2) LuftVG, maximum fifty thousand euros under section 58(3).S13
Breach of protected-area or nature conservation rulesNo amount established. Section 21i(3) LuftVO preserves the Bundesnaturschutzgesetz and Land nature law, but no page that was opened gives a tariff.S8
Breach of radio or equipment conformity rulesNo amount established. The Bundesnetzagentur page describes market-restricting measures against economic operators, not a tariff that reaches a traveller.S32

Criminal liability: No specific criminal offence for ordinary recreational non-compliance is established. The LBA's general information page says operators must observe certain rules so as not to commit an administrative offence or a criminal offence, and the Luftverkehrsgesetz contains criminal and fine provisions, but no page that was opened connects a named drone conduct to a named criminal provision.

What we could not confirm

Printed rather than hidden. A brief that answers everything has usually guessed somewhere, and a gap here is a real gap in the official pages or a page we could not reach.

Sources that disagree

  1. Whether a non-resident can complete LBA operator registration without a German address or a German telephone number. The document list asks for an address and a telephone number and accepts a passport, and no page sets a residency condition either way.
  2. What a non-EU resident actually pays and files for operator registration alone, as opposed to the Article 12 operating authorisation that the LBA's English cross-border page bundles it with.
  3. Whether the LBA recognises a third-country operator registration. No page says it does, and the competency answer says third-country evidence is not recognised, but the registration half is not addressed directly for the open category.
  4. The fee, processing time and application form for a section 21i deviation. These are set by each Land and no federal tariff is published.
  5. Whether a visiting recreational pilot is eligible for a section 21i deviation. The statute does not exclude them; the LBA frames the route as requiring a legitimate interest.
  6. Saxon Switzerland National Park's own drone policy. The park's visitor behaviour page carries no drone rule and its site search returns 404.
  7. Any Land nature conservation authority's drone page, any Land aviation authority's own page, and the per-Land general rulings dipul refers to.
  8. Municipal rules for Berlin, Neuschwanstein, Ruegen and the Moselle. No municipal source was reached by either research pass or by this one.
  9. Confiscation or seizure powers over a drone.
  10. A named criminal provision for ordinary recreational non-compliance, as distinct from the administrative offences.
  11. Any German lithium battery carriage rule. Airline and dangerous goods rules apply by default, but no German page that was opened says so.
  12. A German radio general assignment for the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands drones use. Only the CE marking duty for products placed on the market was established.
  13. Dated enforcement incidents involving pilots from abroad. The practice pass confirmed thirteen dated German cases but only one involves a pilot without a German residence, so nothing distinguishes how a visiting EASA, UK or US pilot is handled.
  14. Whether any pilot has ever been penalised for a drone flight inside a German national park. The practice pass confirmed the mechanism, rangers with police powers routing cases to the Landratsamt, and the 50,000 EUR ceiling, but located no case.
  15. Whether the fines announced at Frankfurt in October 2025 and at Landshut in October 2026 were ever actually issued. Police releases announce proceedings and publish no follow-up.

What changed, and when

Dated changes to the rules, newest first.

  1. 21 June 2025

    The general administrative act exempting unmanned aircraft of the specific category from parts of SERA is extended, valid until Regulation (EU) 923/2012 is amended or the ministry revokes it.

    S28

  2. 20 November 2024

    The transport ministry's general administrative act of 1 October 2024 takes effect, establishing permanent national geographic areas for animal protection and wildlife rescue over agricultural and forestry land. It expressly may not be used for sport or recreational purposes.

    S27

  3. 11 July 2024

    dipul adds a model flying sites layer to the geozone services, supplied as supplementary safety information rather than as a restriction.

    S20

  4. 1 January 2024

    Class mark cut-off. A drone without a C class mark may be placed on the market for the open category no longer, and a legacy drone from 250 g to 25 kg may be flown in the open category only in subcategory A3, so the 150 m distance from residential, commercial, industrial and recreational areas applies to it.

    S27S1S22

  5. 6 July 2022

    The LBA grants the two nationwide model flying associations, MFSD and DMFV, the association operating authorisation under Article 16 of Regulation (EU) 2019/947 together with section 21g LuftVO, which is what makes the privileged model flying regime available.

    S1

  6. 31 December 2020

    Regulation (EU) 2019/947 and Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 take effect in Germany. From this date every operator of a drone of 250 g or more, or of any drone carrying a sensor able to capture personal data, must register with the LBA.

    S3

Checked 8 October 2026. Newer than that? Look here:

Rules move between our checks. The official pages publish the change; the community pages are where someone notices it first.

Official pages

Where pilots report

Sources

Every page this brief rests on, with the date we opened it and, where the page carries one, the date printed on the document itself.

  1. S1official

    Fragen und Antworten zu Unbemannten Luftfahrtsystemen/Drohnen

    Luftfahrt-Bundesamt · opened 2026-10-08

    Das Mindestalter fuer Fernpiloten in der offenen und speziellen Kategorie liegt in Deutschland bei 16 Jahren. / Max. Flughoehe 120 m ueber Grund

    Rule page, German, the combined FAQ across general information, operator registration, competency, model flying and fees. Most answers carry their own date stamp of 14 December 2023; the page itself prints no date. The single richest source for Germany and the one both research passes under-read.

  2. S2official

    FAQ Betreiberregistrierung (e-ID)

    Luftfahrt-Bundesamt · opened 2026-10-08

    Registrieren muss sich jeder Betreiber, der ein UAS mit einer Hoechstabflugmasse von 250 g oder mehr betreibt. / Die Bearbeitungsdauer kann bis zu 14 Werktage betragen.

    Rule page, German. Carries the registration thresholds, the fees under the Kostenverordnung der Luftfahrtverwaltung, the processing time, the insurance duty, the Remote ID applicability rule, the e-ID format and the statement that Norway, Liechtenstein, Iceland and Switzerland count as EU-domestic for registration. Answers stamped 14 December 2023.

  3. S3official

    UAS-Betreiberregistrierung

    Luftfahrt-Bundesamt · opened 2026-10-08

    Scan eines offiziellen gueltigen Ausweisdokumentes (Personalausweis oder Pass) aus dem oben genannte Daten sowie das Gueltigkeitsdatum hervorgehen

    Procedure page, German, reached by following a link on S1. Carries the full identity document list for a natural person, the fees, and section 66a LuftVG as the legal basis. No date on the page.

  4. S4official

    Cross-Border Operations

    Luftfahrt-Bundesamt · opened 2026-10-08

    As foreign operator you have to register in Germany and apply for an operating licence in accordance with Article 12 of IR 947.

    Authority guidance page in English, reached from the LBA drones navigation. Written around the Article 13 cross-border procedure and the Article 12 operating authorisation for the specific category, which is why the third-country registration claim is carried as partial rather than confirmed.

  5. S5official

    Fernpilotenausbildung

    Luftfahrt-Bundesamt · opened 2026-10-08

    Die Nachweise sind bei jedem Flug entweder elektronisch (etwa am Smartphone) oder in ausgedruckter Form mitzufuehren.

    Rule page, German, reached from the LBA drones navigation. Carries the certificate matrix by aircraft class and operating category, and the duty to carry the certificate on every flight. No date on the page.

  6. S6official

    Innovation: Unbemannte Luftfahrtsysteme

    Luftfahrt-Bundesamt · opened 2026-10-08

    Somit sind die in Deutschland ausgestellten Fernpiloten-Nachweise und die Betreiberregistrierungen auch in anderen Mitgliedstaaten der Europaeischen Union (EU) gueltig.

    Six-page brochure PDF, read with the file reader rather than fetched as HTML. Carries the open-category frame, the A1, A2 and A3 limits and the model flying regime. The document prints no date of its own.

  7. S7official

    LuftVO section 21h: Regelungen fuer den Betrieb von unbemannten Fluggeraeten in geografischen Gebieten

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · opened 2026-10-08

    ueber Naturschutzgebieten im Sinne des Paragraf 23 Absatz 1 des Bundesnaturschutzgesetzes, ueber Nationalparks ... wenn die zustaendige Naturschutzbehoerde dem Betrieb ausdruecklich zugestimmt hat

    Rule page, the statute itself. Eleven zone families with their conditions. The page prints no date; the search index records a last update of 3 November 2025. Both research passes cited it and reported four of the eleven families.

  8. S8official

    LuftVO section 21i: Erteilung einer Genehmigung

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · opened 2026-10-08

    kann die oertlich zustaendige Luftfahrtbehoerde des Landes ueber die dort festgelegten Regelungen hinaus in begruendeten Faellen den Betrieb von unbemannten Fluggeraeten zulassen

    Rule page. Carries the two substantive tests for a deviation, the document list the authority may require, and the preservation of immission control, federal and Land nature conservation law and the SERA flight preparation duty. Search index last update 19 January 2026.

  9. S9official

    LuftVO section 21j: Ausweisung und Veroeffentlichung geografischer Gebiete

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · opened 2026-10-08

    Paragraf 21h gilt auch dann, wenn das betroffene geografische Gebiet nicht nach Satz 1 ausgewiesen ist.

    Rule page. This is the sentence that makes the dipul map advisory rather than exhaustive. Search index last update 3 November 2025.

  10. S10official

    LuftVO section 21d: Zustaendige Behoerde fuer Betreiber aus Drittlaendern

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · opened 2026-10-08

    Zustaendige Behoerde fuer den Betrieb unbemannter Fluggeraete nach den Paragrafen 21a bis 21c durch Betreiber im Sinne des Artikels 41 der Delegierten Verordnung (EU) 2019/945 ist das Luftfahrt-Bundesamt.

    Rule page, one sentence. No date printed.

  11. S11official

    LuftVO section 21a: Verfahren und zustaendige Behoerden in der Betriebskategorie offen

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · opened 2026-10-08

    Fuer die Aufsicht ueber den Betrieb unbemannter Fluggeraete in der Betriebskategorie offen ... ist die oertlich zustaendige Luftfahrtbehoerde des Landes zustaendig.

    Rule page. Also requires a valid identity document before a competency examination, and the legal representative's consent where the candidate is a minor. No date printed.

  12. S12official

    LuftVO section 44: Ordnungswidrigkeiten

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · document dated 2013-05-31 · opened 2026-10-08

    Ordnungswidrig im Sinne des Paragraf 58 Absatz 1 Nummer 10 des Luftverkehrsgesetzes handelt, wer vorsaetzlich oder fahrlaessig ... 17d. entgegen Paragraf 21h Absatz 3 und 4 ein unbemanntes Fluggeraet betreibt

    Rule page. The gap brief cited this page and reported that the fine amounts could not be established; the opening words route to section 58 LuftVG, where they are. Search index last update 27 February 2025.

  13. S13official

    LuftVG section 58 (Bussgeldvorschriften)

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · opened 2026-10-08

    die Ordnungswidrigkeit nach Absatz 1 Nummer 1, 1a, 4, 8, 8a, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18 und 19 sowie nach Absatz 2 mit einer Geldbusse bis zu fuenfzigtausend Euro geahndet werden.

    Rule page, reached by following the cross-reference in section 44 LuftVO. Paragraph 2 lists the breaches of Regulation (EU) 2019/947 in detail, including the registration number and the UAS.OPEN rules. No date printed.

  14. S14official

    LuftVG section 43 (Haftpflichtversicherung)

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · opened 2026-10-08

    Der Halter eines Luftfahrzeugs ist verpflichtet, zur Deckung seiner Haftung auf Schadensersatz nach diesem Unterabschnitt eine Haftpflichtversicherung in einer durch Rechtsverordnung zu bestimmenden Hoehe zu unterhalten.

    Rule page. The duty, and the pointer to the ordinance that fixes the amount. The Federation and the Laender are exempt. No date printed.

  15. S15official

    LuftVZO section 102: Vertragsinhalt

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · opened 2026-10-08

    Die Mindesthoehe der Versicherungssumme bestimmt sich bei Luftfahrzeugen nach Paragraf 37 Abs. 1 des Luftverkehrsgesetzes.

    Rule page, the middle link of the insurance chain, reached by following section 43(2) LuftVG to the ordinance it names. No date printed.

  16. S16official

    LuftVG section 37 (Haftungshoechstbetraege)

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · opened 2026-10-08

    bei Luftfahrzeugen unter 500 Kilogramm Hoechstabflugmasse nur bis zu einem Kapitalbetrag von 750.000 Rechnungseinheiten

    Rule page, the end of the insurance chain. The Rechnungseinheit is converted under section 49b. No date printed.

  17. S17official

    Minimum age and mandatory insurance for drone users

    dipul / Federal Ministry of Transport · opened 2026-10-08

    In Germany, the minimum age for flying a drone is 16 years. / Section 37 of the LuftVG lays down the minimum sum of insurance coverage.

    Rule page in English. Independently confirms both the minimum age and the provision that fixes the minimum insured sum, which the gap brief reported as not found. Footer carries 2026.

  18. S18official

    Legal basis for the use of drones in Germany

    dipul / Federal Ministry of Transport · opened 2026-10-08

    where the UAS is not operated for sport or recreational purposes and operations take place at an altitude of more than 100 metres

    Rule page, the ministry's own English restatement of all eleven section 21h(3) zone families with their conditions, and the only English source for the protected-area and residential-property rules. Footer carries 2026.

  19. S19official

    Download the geographical zones

    dipul / Federal Ministry of Transport · opened 2026-10-08

    The data is updated continuously every 28 days. This interval is aligned with the AIRAC ... cycle / The terms of the CC BY-ND 4.0 license ... apply. The required citation is: dipul, CC-BY-ND 4.0

    Rule page. Formats, cadence, licence, attribute schema, the type_code vocabulary and the ED-318 publish-and-subscribe route. The sample effective date shown on the page is 14 May 2026.

  20. S20official

    Web Feature Service (WFS) and Web Map Service (WMS)

    dipul / Federal Ministry of Transport · opened 2026-10-08

    WFS - https://uas-betrieb.de/geoservices/dipul/ows?service=WFS&version=2.0.0&request=GetCapabilities

    Rule page. Service endpoints, the 33-layer list and the same CC BY-ND 4.0 terms. Records that the model flying sites layer was added on 11 July 2024.

  21. S21official

    Entry into geographical zones

    dipul / Federal Ministry of Transport · opened 2026-10-08

    You do not require authorisation for flights within geographical zones, if you can comply with the operating conditions specified for the geographical zones in question.

    Rule page in English. The table of Land aviation authorities, the general permit versus individual permit split, the usual two-year validity, and the split responsibilities in Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria.

  22. S22official

    Open category

    dipul / Federal Ministry of Transport · opened 2026-10-08

    Sub-category A3 allows drone flights with a take-off mass of up to 25 kg. However, a safety distance of at least 150 m from residential, commercial, industrial and recreational areas must be respected

    Rule page in English with the subcategory table. It is also the other side of the recorded conflict about where the 30 m horizontal distance belongs.

  23. S23official

    Checklist for the first drone flight

    dipul / Federal Ministry of Transport · opened 2026-10-08

    The present contents represent the essential steps according to section 5a LuftVO for the preparation of the operation of drones in a simplified way.

    Guidance page in English, the ministry's own six-step order for a first flight: register, mark, certify, insure, check the zones, fly.

  24. S24official

    Application procedure for operator registration

    dipul / Federal Ministry of Transport · opened 2026-10-08

    Registration as an operator in Germany is only possible via the online form (German only) provided by the Federal Aviation Office (LBA) and is subject to a fee.

    Rule page in English. Names section 66a(3) LuftVG as the basis and stamps the fee figures with a status date of 15 February 2023.

  25. S25official

    Model Aircraft in Germany

    dipul / Federal Ministry of Transport · opened 2026-10-08

    The prerequisite for this is that the operation is carried out within the framework of a model aircraft association that has received an operating licence valid from the German Federal Aviation Authority in accordance with Article 16

    Rule page in English. Names DMFV and MFSD as the two authorisation holders and warns that the model flying site radius on the map does not reflect the actual flight sector.

  26. S26official

    Geo-awareness download area

    DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH · opened 2026-10-08

    The data is provided in GeoJSON as well as ED318 compliant GeoJSON format and zipped. To download the data, you must legitimise yourself as a UAS producer and apply for an account.

    Manufacturer-facing download area, gated behind legitimation as a UAS producer. Free sample sets in GeoJSON, ED269-compliant GeoJSON and ED318 are downloadable without registration, with no guarantee of currency.

  27. S27official

    Allgemeinverfuegung des BMDV: Einrichtung von geografischen Gebieten zum Zwecke des Tierschutzes und der Wildtierrettung

    Bundesministerium fuer Digitales und Verkehr · document dated 2024-10-01 · opened 2026-10-08

    Seit dem 01. Januar 2024 duerfen unbemannte Fluggeraete ohne C-Klassifizierung bei einer hoechstzulaessigen Startmasse von 250 g bis 25 kg in der offenen Kategorie nunmehr ausschliesslich in der Unterkategorie A3 betrieben werden.

    General administrative act, a rule-making instrument rather than an individual decision. Dated 1 October 2024 on its letterhead, valid from 20 November 2024, based on an LBA risk assessment of 29 July 2024. Read with the file reader. Its own exception is expressly unavailable for sport and recreational flying.

  28. S28official

    Verlaengerung der Allgemeinverfuegung zu Ausnahmen von SERA fuer unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge der speziellen Kategorie

    Bundesministerium fuer Verkehr · document dated 2025-06-12 · opened 2026-10-08

    An alle Betreiberinnen und Betreiber unbemannter Luftfahrzeuge in der speziellen Kategorie

    General administrative act, valid from 21 June 2025. It matters here only as a negative: it disapplies parts of SERA for the specific category only, which is why the gap brief's night rule, sourced to SERA.5005(c), is not the drone night rule.

  29. S29official

    Drohnen verboten

    Nationalpark Wattenmeer · opened 2026-10-08

    Drohnenfluege sind ueber Nationalparks, Naturschutzgebieten und Natura 2000-Gebieten seit 2017 nach dem Luftfahrtrecht (Paragraf 21h Abs. 3 Nr. 6 LuftVO) grundsaetzlich verboten.

    Park authority rule page, reached by site search after the research pass reported no park source. Names the application authority for each of the three Laender and says the park administrations' consent is as a rule required. No date printed.

  30. S30official

    Drohnen im Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer

    Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer · opened 2026-10-08

    Das Befreiungsverfahren ist ein offizielles Verfahren gemaess dem Bundesnaturschutzgesetz ... Dadurch ergibt sich eine Verfahrensdauer von bis zu zwei Monaten.

    Park authority rule page. The only source found anywhere that gives a processing time and a substantive test for a German protected-area drone exemption. No date printed.

  31. S31official

    Drehgenehmigungen

    Nationalparkverwaltung Berchtesgaden · opened 2026-10-08

    Wichtig: Der Einsatz von Drohnen ist im Nationalpark Berchtesgaden grundsaetzlich nicht gestattet!

    Park authority page about filming permits, which is where the park states its drone position. The park's visitor behaviour page and its FAQ were also opened and carry no drone rule. No date printed.

  32. S32official

    Marktueberwachung

    Bundesnetzagentur · opened 2026-10-08

    Fuer alle Produkte, die von den Harmonisierungsrechtsvorschriften erfasst werden und von einem Hersteller oder Importeur in der EU in Verkehr gebracht werden, besteht eine CE-Kennzeichnungspflicht.

    Regulator rule page about placing products on the market, not about travellers. Search index records a last update of 5 October 2026; the page prints no date.

  33. S33official

    Reisen nach Deutschland aus einem Nicht-EU-Staat

    Generalzolldirektion (Zoll) · opened 2026-10-08

    Natuerlich sind persoenliche Sachen, die Sie auf Ihrer Reise mitbringen, abgabenfrei.

    Customs guidance page, reached by navigating zoll.de from the Privatpersonen index after the gap brief's two Zoll URLs returned 404. Carries no drone-specific rule, which is itself the finding. No date printed.

  34. S34official

    LuftVO section 21k: Betrieb durch Behoerden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben

    Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt fuer Justiz · document dated 2022-01-01 · opened 2026-10-08

    Behoerden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben sind von der Pflicht zum Betrieb von Zusatzgeraeten fuer die direkte Fernidentifizierung ausgenommen

    Rule page. Carried only to record that the gap brief's Remote ID claim rested on this exemption for public bodies, which says nothing about which civil drones carry remote identification. Search index last update 3 October 2024.

  35. S35official

    LBA OpenUAV operator registration portal

    Luftfahrt-Bundesamt · opened 2026-10-08

    The portal itself. It responds and serves a JavaScript application titled LBA - OpenUAV; the registration form needs a browser session, so the field-level requirements here come from S3 rather than from the form.

  36. S36official

    POL-PPRP: Unerlaubter Drohnenflug

    Polizeipraesidium Rheinpfalz, via presseportal.de · document dated 2018-08-21 · opened 2026-10-08

    Da der Flug ohne Genehmigung ueber bewohntem Privatgelaende, in einer Entfernung von 100 Metern zu Bahnschienen und in der Naehe eines Hubschrauberlandeplatzes eines Krankenhauses stattfand, wurden die Aufnahmen der Drohne sichergestellt.

    Police press release. Fetched with curl after WebFetch received HTTP 503 from presseportal; the page itself returns 200 and renders. Event date 2018-08-20 read off the text, publication 2018-08-21.

  37. S37official

    POL-PPWP: Drohnenflug mit Folgen

    Polizeipraesidium Westpfalz, via presseportal.de · document dated 2020-07-15 · opened 2026-10-08

    Ein 54-Jaehriger wird verdaechtigt, den hoechstpersoenlichen Lebensbereichs seiner Nachbarn durch Bildaufnahmen mit einer Drohne verletzt zu haben. Ausserdem wirft ihm die Polizei Verstoesse gegen die Luftverkehrsordnung vor.

    Police press release. Event date 2020-07-12 derived from the release's own "Am Sonntag" against its 2020-07-15 publication date.

  38. S38official

    POL-PPWP: Drohnen gefaehrlich nahe an Flugplatz gesteuert

    Polizeipraesidium Westpfalz, via presseportal.de · document dated 2020-10-05 · opened 2026-10-08

    Im Zeitraum von 1. Januar bis 12. August 2020 verzeichnete das Polizeipraesidium Westpfalz 27 Vorfaelle, bei denen Drohnen Anlass eines polizeilichen Einsatzes waren. In sechs Faellen konnten die Piloten der Flugobjekte ermittelt werden.

    Police press release, and the only source found in any language that gives a German identification rate and a category breakdown, including the single nature conservation area case. Event date 2020-10-02 from "am Freitag" against the 2020-10-05 publication date.

  39. S39official

    POL-H: Polizei ermittelt Drohnenpiloten anhand Videos

    Polizeidirektion Hannover, via presseportal.de · document dated 2021-06-07 · opened 2026-10-08

    Beamte des Polizeikommissariats Misburg wurden am Sonntag auf mehrere Videos bei der Videoplattform "youtube" aufmerksam. ... Die Strafen reichen dabei von 500 bis 50.000 Euro.

    Police press release, and the only confirmed instance of retrospective tracing through footage the pilot published himself. Event date 2021-06-06 stated in the text.

  40. S40secondary

    Schienen, Wasserstrassen, Menschenansammlung: Bussgeld fuer Drohnenpiloten nach diversen Ordnungswidrigkeiten

    Kania, Tschersich u. Partner Rechtsanwaelte GbR · opened 2026-10-08

    Diese Pflicht gilt aber auch fuer 249-Gramm-Drohnen, wenn sie - wie hier - eine Kamera haben.

    Law firm report of a court decision, AG Schwerin 35 OWi 6/23 of 2023-04-05, carrying the case number and the 1,250 EUR amount. Typed secondary because no primary court text and no press report of the decision was located. The page prints no date.

  41. S41secondary

    Drohne - Nichteinhaltung von Abstandsflaechen und Ueberfliegen einer Menschenmenge

    bussgeldsiegen.de · opened 2026-10-08

    Bei gehoeriger Aufmerksamkeit haette der Betroffene erkennen koennen und muessen, dass die Drohne nicht ordnungsgemaess gekennzeichnet war

    Second, independent law firm report of AG Schwerin 35 OWi 6/23, agreeing with S40 on the case number, the 1,250 EUR amount, the decision date 2023-04-05 and the event date 2021-12-22 near Wolgast. Carried only as corroboration. The page prints no date.

  42. S42press

    Fuessen: Illegale Drohne stuerzt ueber Schloss Neuschwanstein ab - ein Mann verletzt

    inFranken.de · document dated 2023-07-05 · opened 2026-10-08

    fahrlaessiger Koerperverletzung und einer Ordnungswidrigkeit nach dem Luftfahrtgesetz ... fuer das Gebiet um Neuschwanstein ein besonderes Flugverbot gilt

    Regional press reporting a police statement. The only confirmed case at a headline tourist sight and the only one involving a pilot without a German residence. Event date 2023-07-04, publication 2023-07-05.

  43. S43official

    POL-HX: Drohnenpilot missachtet Vorschriften - Ordnungswidrigkeitenverfahren eingeleitet

    Kreispolizeibehoerde Hoexter, via presseportal.de · document dated 2025-04-22 · opened 2026-10-08

    Bei der Kontrolle stellte sich heraus, dass der Mann weder die notwendige Registrierung noch die erforderliche Kennzeichnung fuer seine Drohne vorweisen konnte.

    Police press release. Event date 2025-04-20 stated in the text; publication 2025-04-22. The force's own site at hoexter.polizei.nrw returned HTTP 503, so the presseportal copy is the reachable one.

  44. S44official

    POL-WHV: Drohnenflug ueber militaerischem Sicherheitsbereich - Polizei stellt Drohne sicher

    Polizeiinspektion Wilhelmshaven/Friesland, via presseportal.de · document dated 2025-05-15 · opened 2026-10-08

    Die Polizei stellte sowohl die Drohne als auch das Mobiltelefon des Beschuldigten sicher.

    Police press release. The heaviest seizure located. The release also states the criminal basis: "Ermittlungsverfahren wegen des Verdachts des Verstosses gegen § 109g StGB (Verbotene Bildaufnahmen) sowie § 62 LuftVG (Verbotene Nutzung des Luftraums)". Event date 2025-05-14 stated in the text.

  45. S45official

    POL-F: Frankfurt - Flughafen: Hobbydrohnenpilot erhaelt teures Bussgeld

    Polizeipraesidium Frankfurt am Main, via presseportal.de · document dated 2025-10-04 · opened 2026-10-08

    Gegen 06:00 Uhr liess ein 41-jaehriger Mann innerhalb der Flugverbotszone kurzzeitig eine Drohne fliegen. Diese wurde unmittelbar von Beamten der Bundespolizei detektiert. ... ihm droht jetzt ein hohes Bussgeld.

    Police press release. Event date 2025-10-03 ("am gestrigen Freitagmorgen (03. Oktober 2025)") against the 2025-10-04 publication date. The headline says the pilot "erhaelt" a fine but the body says one is threatened, which is why no amount is recorded as imposed.

  46. S46official

    LPI-G: Drohnenueberflug

    Landespolizeiinspektion Gera, via presseportal.de · document dated 2026-01-16 · opened 2026-10-08

    Ein Ermittlungsverfahren gegen unbekannt wegen des Verstosses gegen die Luftverkehrsordnung wurde eingeleitet.

    Police press release. Event and publication both 2026-01-16.

  47. S47official

    LPI-G: Unerlaubter Drohnenflug im Bereich der Justizvollzugsanstalt

    Landespolizeiinspektion Gera, via presseportal.de · document dated 2026-06-03 · opened 2026-10-08

    Da sich die Ortslage Hohenleuben in einem fuer Drohnenfluege gesperrten Bereich befindet, leiteten die Beamten der Polizei Greiz ein Ordnungswidrigkeitenverfahren nach dem Luftverkehrsgesetz ein.

    Police press release. Event date 2026-06-02 stated in the text; publication 2026-06-03.

  48. S48official

    POL-ME: Private Drohne fuehrte zu Unterbrechung des Flugverkehrs

    Polizei Mettmann, via presseportal.de · document dated 2026-09-28 · opened 2026-10-08

    Gegen den Mann wurde ein Ermittlungsverfahren wegen des Verdachts des gefaehrlichen Eingriffs in den Luftverkehr eingeleitet. Zudem wurde der Staatsschutz informiert.

    Police press release. Event date 2026-09-26 stated in the text; publication 2026-09-28. The release also carries the force's own advice to check dipul before every flight.

  49. S49press

    Nicht angezeigter Flug mit einer Drohne

    bayernaktuell.de, reprinting the Polizeiinspektion Landshut press report of 2026-10-05 · document dated 2026-10-05 · opened 2026-10-08

    Der Ueberflug des Polizeiareals wird zu einem empfindlichen Bussgeld fuehren

    Press reprint that names its source as the Landshut inspectorate's press report of 2026-10-05. Event date 2026-10-03, from the release's own "Am Samstag, gegen 17:30 Uhr" against that publication date; one fetch of a parallel report misread the event as 5 October, which is the publication day.

  50. S50official

    Air traffic in Germany 2025: more flights, good punctuality level

    Deutsche Flugsicherung (DFS) · document dated 2026-01-05 · opened 2026-10-08

    By 31 December 2025, 225 disruptions caused by drones were registered in German airspace. This is significantly more than in 2024 (161). Since 2025, units of the German Federal Police have been equipped with drone detection systems

    The air navigation service provider's own annual release, and the primary for the only enforcement-capacity figures available. It contradicts both secondary pages the research report relied on for these counts.

  51. S51official

    Wir sind ein Schutzgebiet: Hier gelten Regeln!

    Nationalparkverwaltung Bayerischer Wald · document dated 2021-11-22 · opened 2026-10-08

    Bei Verstoessen leiten wir Ranger Ordnungswidrigkeitsverfahren bei den zustaendigen Landratsaemtern ein. Diese muenden meist in einem Bussgeldbescheid.

    Park authority page, and the only source found in any language that states the enforcement mechanism for a German protected-area drone ban: ranger with police powers, then proceedings at the Landratsamt, usually ending in a fine notice. On the powers: "Da wir im Nationalparkgebiet polizeilichen Befugnisse haben, sind wir unter anderem dazu berechtigt, Personalien aufzunehmen oder Platzverweise zu erteilen." On the reach of the ban: "Das inkludiert nicht nur Starts und Landungen, sondern auch Ueberfluege."

  52. S52official

    POL-HK: Wilsede: Polizeireiterinnen und Polizeireiter unterstuetzen bei Kontrollen im Naturschutzgebiet Lueneburger Heide

    Polizeiinspektion Heidekreis, via presseportal.de · document dated 2026-10-05 · opened 2026-10-08

    Insgesamt wurden ueber 40 Ordnungswidrigkeitenverfahren im Zusammenhang mit dem Naturschutzgesetz und zwei Strafverfahren eingeleitet.

    Police press release covering patrols in a nature conservation area from late July to late September 2026. Carried as evidence that protected-area patrolling produces proceedings in volume. It does not mention drones, and no drone share should be inferred from it.

  53. S53official

    Drohnen im Nationalpark

    Nationalparkverwaltung Niedersaechsisches Wattenmeer · opened 2026-10-08

    Drohnenfluege sind ueber Nationalparks, Naturschutzgebieten und Natura 2000-Gebieten seit 2017 nach dem Luftfahrtrecht (§ 21 h Abs. 3 Nr. 6 LuftVO) grundsaetzlich verboten.

    Park authority rule page, matching the legal pass: express consent of the nature conservation authority is the one lawful route and a holiday flight is not a justified individual case. On that route the page says "In begruendeten Einzelfaellen kann eine gebuehrenpflichtige Ausnahmegenehmigung beantragt werden." The page prints no date; the footer carries 2025.

  54. S54official

    Einsatz von Drohnen

    Nationalparkverwaltung Eifel · opened 2026-10-08

    Daher ist der Einsatz von Drohnen im und ueber dem Nationalpark Eifel streng verboten. Das gilt auch, wenn Start und Landung ausserhalb des Nationalparks erfolgen.

    Park authority rule page. Carried for the independent statement that the ban reaches overflights launched from outside the park boundary, which is the trap for a pilot taking off from a car park. No enforcement detail and no penalty figure on the page; it prints no date.

  55. S55press

    Drones and airports: the challenge continues to grow

    Global Airspace Radar · document dated 2025-12-05 · opened 2026-10-08

    The police are responsible for detecting, investigating, and seizing drones. ... On average, around 90 percent of the observed disruptions occur in the vicinity of an airport.

    Carried ONLY for the two statements quoted. Its German counts, 192 for 2025 against 141 for 2024 attributed to DFS, are contradicted by DFS's own release (S50: 225 and 161), and the page was published on 5 December 2025 so it cannot have held a full-year 2025 figure. Nothing numeric from it is used.

  56. S56secondary

    Drone Laws in Germany

    ABJ Academy · document dated 2026-03-16 · opened 2026-10-08

    DFS reported 225 disruptions caused by drones by the end of 2025, compared with 161 in 2024.

    Secondary guide, the research report's source [1]. Its DFS figures match the primary in S50 exactly, so the page is not fabricating, but the report's own "172 through 30 September 2025" appears nowhere on it. Its DLR airport figure and its February 2026 Saxony-Anhalt "up to 1,000 EUR" have no primary behind them and are not carried as fines imposed.

  57. S57press

    Drohne ueber Landshuter Polizeigebaeude: 16-Jaehriger ermittelt

    klartext.la · document dated 2026-10-05 · opened 2026-10-08

    der Ueberflug von Militaer- und Polizeieinrichtungen ist nicht erlaubt

    Second local report of the Landshut case, corroborating S49 on the outcome and on the Luftamt Suedbayern consultation about seizure.

  58. S58official

    Better protection against drones

    German Federal Government · document dated 2026-02-26 · opened 2026-10-08

    In addition, intentional, unauthorised entry onto airport premises will be a punishable offence in the future.

    The research report's source [8], confirmed as saying what the report says. It concerns military assistance with drone defence and entry onto airport grounds, not enforcement against recreational pilots, and is carried only to mark that boundary in the customs section.